本站提供专业的[留学生论文]定制业务，如需服务请，联系电话：13671516250.
能源是社会和经济发展以及改善生活质量的重要输入。随着全球经济的快速发展，能源需求也显着增加，尤其是在发达国家和发展中国家。然而，在温室气体排放量的快速增长和燃料价格上涨推动力量背后努力寻找新的能源，除了化石燃料，以满足可持续发展的要求。
Introduction
Energy is a vital input for social and economic development and improved quality of life. With the rapid development of the global economy, energy requirements have increased remarkably, especially in both developed and developing countries. However, rapid growth in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the increase in fuel prices drive forces behind efforts to find new energy sources, apart for fossil fuels, to meet the requirement of sustainable development. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are, as well known, the best solution.
Sustainable development is defined as “living, producing and consuming in a manner that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. This concept was put forth; not only the scientists, and even the polities as well as large and small commercial organizations are beginning to respect on it. And then The United Nations 2005 World Summit Outcome Document refers to one central concept verse comprehensions of sustainable development, which are the triple bottom line: economic development, social development and environmental protection.
Based on the triple bottom line, environmental factor, which had been ignored for many years, became the most popular terms. It was identified as necessary precondition for any development, energy industry was no exception. RESs had gone into the light. The increasing consumption of conventional fuels coupled with environmental degradation has led to the development of eco-friendly RESs. Then the history and current usage of renewable energy would be reviewed in the follow.
History and future of renewable energy usage
Sustainability standard and the criteria
The sustainability standard framework for renewable energy
Conclusion and future work
Reference
Achilli, A., T. Y. Cath, et al. (2009). "Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: An experimental and theoretical investigation." Journal of Membrane Science 343(1-2): 42-52.
Belessiotis, V. and E. Delyannis (2000). "The history of renewable energies for water desalination." Desalination 128(2): 147-159.
Diaf, S., G. Notton, et al. (2008). "Design and techno-economical optimization for hybrid PV/wind system under various meteorological conditions." Applied Energy 85(10): 968-987.
Frano, B. (2009). "Transition to renewable energy systems with hydrogen as an energy carrier." Energy 34(3): 308-312.
Frans H, K. (2002). "Hydropower-the politics of water and energy: Introduction and overview." Energy Policy 30(14): 1207-1213.
Frey, G. W. and D. M. Linke (2002). "Hydropower as a renewable and sustainable energy resource meeting global energy challenges in a reasonable way." Energy Policy 30(14): 1261-1265.
Gago, E. J. and J. A. Bayo (2007). "The use of solar energy in the buildings construction sector in Spain." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11(9): 2166-2178.
Goldemberg, J. and S. Teixeira Coelho (2004). "Renewable energy-traditional biomass vs. modern biomass." Energy Policy 32(6): 711-714.
H, L. (2006). "Large-scale integration of optimal combinations of PV, wind and wave power into the electricity supply." Renewable Energy 31(4): 503-515.
Heide, D., L. von Bremen, et al. (2010). "Seasonal optimal mix of wind and solar power in a future, highly renewable Europe." Renewable Energy 35(11): 2483-2489.
Heo, H. S., H. J. Park, et al. (2009). "Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust in a fluidized bed." Bioresource Technology 101(1, Supplement): S91-S96.
Ibrahim, D. (2000). "Renewable energy and sustainable development:http://www.steelbee.net/baogao/c650 a crucial review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 4(2): 157-175.
Karlsson, K. and P. Meibom (2008). "Optimal investment paths for future renewable based energy systems-Using the optimisation model Balmorel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33(7): 1777-1787.
Koutroulis, E. and D. Kolokotsa (2009). "Design optimization of desalination systems power-supplied by PV and W/G energy sources." Desalination 258(1-3): 171-181.
Lourdes, G.-R. (2002). "Seawater desalination driven by renewable energies: a review." Desalination 143(2): 103-113.
Manning, S., F. Boons, et al. (2010). "National contexts matter: The co-evolution of sustainability standards in global value chains." Ecological Economics(0).
Mehmet, H. (1999). "Wind energy in Turkey." Renewable Energy 16(1-4): 822-827.
Oliver, T., D. Lew, et al. (2001). "Global energy efficiency and renewable energy policy options and initiatives." Energy for Sustainable Development 5(2): 15-25.
Ould Bilal, B., V. Sambou, et al. (2010). "Optimal design of a hybrid solar-wind-battery system using the minimization of the annualized cost system and the minimization of the loss of power supply probability (LPSP)." Renewable Energy 35(10): 2388-2390.
Parker, N., Y. Fan, et al. (2009). "From waste to hydrogen: An optimal design of energy production and distribution network." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 46(4): 534-545.
Pattanariyankool, S. and L. B. Lave (2009). "Optimizing transmission from distant wind farms." Energy Policy 38(6): 2806-2815.
Peter M, C. (2003). "UK renewable energy policy: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 7(1): 65-82.
Sanchez de la Nieta, A., J. Contreras, et al. (2009). "Optimal investment portfolio in renewable energy: The Spanish case." Energy Policy 37(12): 5273-5284.
Schubert, R. and J. Blasch (2009). "Sustainability standards for bioenergy- means to reduce climate change risks?" Energy Policy 38(6): 2797-2805.
van Alphen, K., W. G. J. H. M. van Sark, et al. (2007). "Renewable energy technologies in the Maldives-determining the potential." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11(8): 1650-1674.
Von Hagen, O., S. Manning, et al. (2010). "Sustainable Sourcing in the Food Industry: Global Challenges and Practices." Moderne Ernaehrung Heute, Official Journal of the Food Chemistry Institute of the Association of the German Confectionery Industry, Vol. 4, p. 1-9, October 2010.
如需定做,留学生论文请联系我们专家定制团队，QQ337068431，热线咨询电话：021-62170626
相关文章：
